State control over the Russian internet (Runet) has been enforced by dedicated administrations and private digital entrepreneurs since the early 2010s. Along with them, groups of digital vigilantes report on \u201cnegative\u201d online content and claim to be fighting against activities considered to be criminal or contrary to social norms. However, their ideological convictions and moral supports are diverse and changing. This article analyses two nonprofits: Molodezhnaia Sluzhba Bezopasnosti (MSB, Youth Security Service) and Liga Bezopasnogo Interneta (LBI, Safe Internet League), which sponsors an emergent \u201ccyber Cossack\u201d movement. MSB, which can be referred to as \u201ccitizen investigators,\u201d has developed a high degree of technical and legal experience and cooperates actively with the police. LBI promotes a conservative vigilantism to ensure \u201cvirtuous browsing,\u201d with a strong focus on education. In March 2019 hearings at the Russian Civic Chamber on a bill addressing the activity of kiberdruzhiny (cyber patrols) revealed tensions between the \u201cpolitically involved\u201d (Duma members and kiberdruzhiny\u2019s organizations) supporting the bill and the \u201cexperts\u201d (representatives of internet companies and security specialists) opposed to it alleging the proposed law\u2019s inefficiency. A third group, the supporters of a free and democratic Runet, is absent from the official debates but speaks out on social networks and through independent media against the development of civil surveillance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n